←Riyad-us-Saliheen
Riyad-us-Saliheen

Chapter 290: About the Forbiddance of Taking an Oath by a Creature

Chapter Introduction

۲۹۰ - باب النهي عن الحلف بمخلوق

Translation: [ The Muslim should be careful About the oaths. It does not behoove to take oath whenever he wants to reaffirm a statement or negate it.

Translation: If he was compelled to take an oath, he has to swear by Allah جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ not any of His creatures.

Allah said:

الْقُرْآنُ الْكَرِيمُسُورَةُ المَائـِدَةِ (5:89)
لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا عَقَّدتُّمُ الْأَيْمَانَ ۖ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ أَوْ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ ۖ فَمَن لَّمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ كَفَّارَةُ أَيْمَانِكُمْ إِذَا حَلَفْتُمْ ۚ وَاحْفَظُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
( سُورَةُ المَائـِدَةِ (5:89) )

Translation: “ Allah will not punish you for what is unintentional in your oaths, but He will punish you for your deliberate oaths; for its expiation feed ten poor persons on a scale of the average of what you feed your own families, or clothe them or manumit a slave. But whosoever cannot afford (that) then, he should fast for three days. That is the expiation for the oaths when you have sworn. And protect your oaths (do not swear much). Thus Allah make clear to you His verses that you may be grateful ** S: 5-89.

Translation: The Messenger of Allah said:

٩٦٧- حديث ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ أَدْرَكَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَاب فِي رَكب وَهُوَ يَحْلِفُ بِأَبِيهِ ، فَنَادَاهُمْ رَسُوَلَاللهِ : أَلاَ إِنَََََّّّّّْ اللَّهُ ) . يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ ، فَمِنْ كَانَ حَالفًا فَلْيَحْلِفُ بالله ، وإلا فَلْيَصمُتْ أخرجه البخاري

Translation: 967- " Ibn Omar narrated that the Messenger of Allah joined Omar ibn Al-Khattab in a group of people and heerd him swearing by his father. So Allah's Messenger called them, saying, " Verily! Allah forbids you to swear by your fathers. If one has to take an oath, he should swear by Allah or otherwise he should keep silent. " (At-Termizi).

Translation: Thus, we should be on guard. We should not swear by a creature. Swearing is only by Allah.

Now, let us read what Imam Al-Nawawi compiled in the same concern.]

Hadith 968: Hadith 968

٩٦٨ - حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالد الأَحْمَرُ عَن الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ سَمِعَ رَجُلا يَقُولُ لا وَالْكَعْبَة فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ لا يُخْلَفُ بِغَيْرِ اللهِ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ أَوْ أَشْرَكَ قَالَ أَبو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ وَفُسْرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيث عِندَ بَعْض أهل الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ أَوْ أَشْرَكَ عَلَى التَّعْلِيظِ وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَمِعَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ وَأَبِي وَأَبِي فَقَالَ أَلا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنَّ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَنْ قَالَ فِي حَلِفِهِ وَاللاتِ وَالْعُزَّى فَلْيَقُلْ لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ قَالَ أَبو عِيسَى هَذَا مِثْلُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ الرِّيَاءَ شِرْكٌ وَقَدْ فَسَّرَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ ﴿ قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ يُوحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَهُكُمْ إِلَة وَاحِدٌ فَمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِهِ
الْقُرْآنُ الْكَرِيمُسُورَةُ الكَهۡفِ (18:110)
فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا
( سُورَةُ الكَهۡفِ (18:110) )
لَا يُرَائي

Translation: 968. Narrated Sa'ad ibn Obayda; ' Ibn Omar heard a man saying: ' No. By the Lord of Ka'aba. ' Ibn Omar said; ' Swearing should not be by any other besides Allah for I have heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying: " He that swore by anything besides Allah has committed disbelief or has committed polytheism. " (At-Termizi).

Translation: Abu-Issa said; " This Hadith is Hasan and the scholars of Hadith interpreted the words he has committed disbelief or has committed polytheism) as a form of threat basing their opinion on the Hadith narrated by Ibn Omar that says: " Indeed Allah forbids you to swear by your fathers " and the Hadith narrated by Abu-Huraira that the Prophet said: (He that said in his oath; ' By Allat and Al-Ozza let him say: " None has the right to be worshipped except Allah. " This is similar to what the Prophet ﷺ said (Indeed, showing off is a form of polytheism). The people of knowledge interpreted the words (let him not ascribe partners with Allah mean do not show off. The verse says:

Say: " I am but a man like yourselves, (but) the inspiration has come to me, that your God is One God. Whoever aspires to meet his Lord, let him work righteousness, and, in the worship of his Lord, admit no one as partner *** S: 18-110