←Riyad-us-Saliheen
Riyad-us-Saliheen

Chapter 33: About Treating the Orphans kindly

Chapter Introduction

٣٣ ـ باب في ملَاطفة اليتيم والضعفاء
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسَ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالاً كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا ( ۱ ) وَآتُوا الْيَتَامَى أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا الْخَبِيثَ بِالطَّيِّبِ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَى أَمْوَالِكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حُوبًا كَبِيرًا ( ۲ ) وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلا تَعُدِلَوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا ( ۳ ) وَآتُوا النِّسَاءَ صَدُقَاتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً فَإِن طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَن شَيْءٍ مِّنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا مَّرِيئًا ( ٤ ) وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمُ الَّتى جَعَلَ اللهُ لَكُمْ قِيَامًا وَارْزُقُوهُمْ فِيهَا وَاكْسُوهُمْ وقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلاً مَّعْرُوفًا ( ه ) وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَى حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُم مِّنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَا إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَنَّ يَكِبْرٌوا وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْقِف وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُل بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَى بِاللهِ حَسِيبًا ( ٦ ) لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ نَصِيبًا مَّفْرُوضَا ( ۷ ) وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةِ أَوَّلَو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِّنْهُ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلاً مَّعْرُوفًا ( ۸ ) وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلْيَتَّقُوا اللهَ وَلْيَقُولُوا قَوْلاً سَدِيدًا ( ۹ ) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ
( النساء ١-١٠ )

Translation: Verse number 1 reminds people of their brotherhood. They are the sons of one man Adam, and it reminds them of Allah's Ability and observance over them.

Translation: Verse number 2 imposes the rules of managing the orphans ' wealth. It forbids devouring their wealth illegally by using crookedness. This is a major sin.

Verse number 3 imposes that the female orphan should be given her dowry like their equals. The fact that she is an orphan has no role in this regard.

Verse number 4 imposes the rule that women should be given their dowry as a pure right for themselves. This applies to the female orphans.

Verse number 5 imposes the rule that orphans should be supported fairly. It pays attention to clothing them elegantly and speaking kind words to them. Then, it orders that the orphan's wealth should be invested honestly and efficiently, it should not be left until the giving of zakat had consumed it.

Verse number 6 imposes the rule that orphan should be taught and trained. Them having reached marriageable age is not the only criterion to be used for handing their property over to them. Their guardians should also be assured of their ability to judge matters in a discerning manner. The verse forbids wasting their wealth through any crooked way. It directs rich guardians not to take any compensation for their noble mission, but poor guardians are permitted to take a just and fair compensation. This explicitly shows that a guardian should be fair and just, and it is not a condition that he should be rich. When the orphans reach the marriageable age and have sound judgment, they should be presented to the society as new effective members, through having witnesses to the handing over of their properties to them. The verse reminds people of Allah's Ability in reckoning them.

Verse number 7 imposes the right of inheritance to males and the females. This applies with even more reason to the orphans.

Verse number 8 recommends that a portion of the inheritance be given to some relatives who do not inherit, it also gives the orphans the same right.

Verse number 9 sentimentally addresses the guardians to consider orphans as their own sons, it warns them that, had Allah willed, their own children would have met the same end (and become orphans). Thus, they should praise Allah and show thankfulness to Him through treating orphans in the best and the most virtuous manner.

Verse number 10 warns mankind against devouring orphans ' wealth, for this is similar to devouring a blazing fire in one's belly.

Allah said:

الْقُرْآنُ الْكَرِيمُسُورَةُ الحِجۡرِ (15:88)
لَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَىٰ مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجًا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَاخْفِضْ
( سُورَةُ الحِجۡرِ (15:88) )

Translation: " Do not long ambitiously for what We have bestowed on certain classes of them (the disbelievers), nor grieve over them. And lower your wings for the believers (be courteous to the fellow-believers). * " (15: 88) And

الْقُرْآنُ الْكَرِيمُسُورَةُ الكَهۡفِ (18:28)
وَاصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ ۖ وَلَا تَعْدُ عَيْنَاكَ عَنْهُمْ تُرِيدُ زِينَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَا تُطِعْ مَنْ أَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَهُ عَن ذِكْرِنَا وَاتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُهُ فُرُطًا
( سُورَةُ الكَهۡفِ (18:28) )

Translation: " And keep yourself patiently (O Muhammad!) with those who call on their Lord (i.e. your companions who remember their Lord with glorification, praising in prayer, and other righteous deeds) morning and afternoon, seeking His Face; and let not your eyes overlook them, desiring the pomp and glitter of the life of the world; and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our Remembrance, and who follows his own whims, and whose affair (deeds) has been lost. * " (18:28) And

Translation: " Therefore, treat not the orphan unfairly * And repulse not the beggar. (93: 9-10) And

الْقُرْآنُ الْكَرِيمُسُورَةُ المَاعُونِ (107:1)
أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يُكَذِّبُ بِالدِّينِ فَذَٰلِكَ الَّذِي يَدُعُّ الْيَتِيمَ وَلَا يَحُضُّ عَلَىٰ
( سُورَةُ المَاعُونِ (107:1) )

Translation: " Have you seen him who denies the Day Recompense? * That is he who repulses the orphan (harshly), ** And urges not on the feeding of the needy. * " (107: 1-3)

Hadith 160: Hadith 160

١٦٠ - حديث مُعَاوِيَةَ ، قَالَ : : سَمِعْتُ النّبي ، يَقُولُ مَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا يُفَقَهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ ، وَإِنَََََّّّّّْمَا أَنَّا قَاسِمٌ وَالٍلَّهُ يُعْطِي وَلَنْ تَزَالَ هَذِهِ الْأُمِّةُ قَائِمَةً عَلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ، لَا يَصْرَهُمْ مَن خَالَفَهُمْ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أخرجه البخاري

Translation: 160. Narrated Mu'aweya: ' I heard Allah's Messenger ﷺ saying: " If Allah wants to do good to a person, He makes him comprehend the religion (the understanding of the meanings of the Koran and the Sunna (legal ways) of the Prophet). I am just a distributor, but the grant is from Allah. Remember! This nation (a group of the true Muslims) will keep on following Allah's teachings strictly and they will not be harmed by any one going on a different path until Allah's order (Day of Judgment) is established. " (Bukhari)

Hadith 161: Hadith 161

١٦١- عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَة قالَ : قالَ النَّبِيََََُُِِّّّّّّّّ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( لَيْسَ الْمَسْكِينُ الَّذِي تَرُدَّهُ التّمْرَةُ والتّمْرَتَانِ ، وَلاَ اللّقْمَةُ وَلَا اللَّقَمَتَانِ إِنَّمَا الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي يَتَعَفَّفُ . وَاقْرَؤُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ . يَعْنِي قَولَهُ لِلْفُقَراءِ الَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ضَرْباً فِي الْأَرْضِ يَحْسَبُهُمُ الجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَاءَ مِنَ التَّعَفُّفِ تَعْرِفُهُم بِسِيمَاهُمْ لا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافاً وَمَا تُنفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ )
( ۲۷۳ ) رواه البخاري

Translation: 161. Narrated Abu-Huraira: ' The Prophet said: " A poor person is not the one for whom a date or two or a morsel or two (of food) is sufficient, but the poor person is he who does not (beg or) ask the people (for something) or show his poverty at all. Recite if you wish, (Allah's Statement): " (Charity is) for the poor, who in Allah's Cause are restricted (from travel), and cannot move about in the land

Translation: (for trade or work). The one who knows them not, thinks that they are rich because of their modesty. You may know them by their mark, they do not beg of people at all. And whatever you spend in good, surely Allah knows it well. *** (2: 273)